Рафаэль: Барыллар ыккардыларынааҕы ураты

Ис хоһооно сотторолунна Ис хоһооно эбилиннэ
'thumb|Бэйэтин портрета. '''Рафаэль Санцио''', судургутук '''Рафа…' ыйааһыннаах саҥа сирэй оҥоһулунна
 
Көннөрүү туһунан суруллубатах
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[[FileБилэ:Sanzio 00.jpg|thumb|БэйэтинБэйэ портретамэтириэтэ.]]
'''Рафаэль Санцио''', судургутук '''Рафаэль''' ([[Муус устар 6]], [[1483]] - [[Муус устар 6]], [[1520]]) Ренессанс бириэмэтээҕи уруһуйдьут уонна архитектор. Леонардо Да Винчи уонна Микеланлжелолыын үһүөн улуу Ренессанс улуу уруһуйдьуттара буолаллар.
 
'''Раффаэлло Санцио да Урбино''' (''Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino'', [[1483]] [[кулун тутар 28]] – [[1520]] [[муус устар 6]]), '''Рафаэл''' диэн аатынан биллэр, [[Италия]] уруhуйдьута уонна архитектора. Кини, [[Леонардо да Винчи]]ны уонна [[Микеландьело]]ны кытта, [[Ренессанс]] кэмин бастыҥ чулуу киhитэ буолар.
Олус биллэр үлэлэрэ - Мадонна уонна Иисус оҕо, уонна Ватикаҥҥа уонна Римҥа уруһуйдара.
 
== Урбино уонна оҕо сааһа ==
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Рафаэль учууталыттан элбэҕи билбит - хайдах уруһуйдууру, киһи анатомиятын, краска химиятын уонна уруһуй тэҥ буолар курдук уруһуйданарын.
Рафаэл кылгас олоҕу олорбута (37 сааhыгар өлбүтэ), ол эрээри элбэх үлэни оҥорон хаалбыта.
Raphael was able to learn a great deal from Perugino - drawing, the [[anatomy]] of the human figure, paint [[chemistry]] and the technique of putting the paint onto the picture in smooth layers. The figures in Perugino's paintings often have very sweet gentle faces. Many of Raphael's paintings are also sweet and gentle. Some painters, such as [[Leonardo da Vinci|Leonardo]], were quick to change their style and make their paintings show their own touch. But Raphael continued to paint in the style that Perugino taught him. He added to this new ideas that he learnt by looking at the work of other artists. Unlike [[Leonardo da Vinci|Leonardo]] and [[Michelangelo]], Raphael did not give the world anything new in the Art of Painting. He is famous simply because he was so expert at what he did, and because people loved his paintings so much.
 
== Литература ==
=== First Works ===
* Blunt, Anthony, ''Artistic Theory in Italy, 1450-1660'', 1940 (refs to 1985 edn), OUP, ISBN 0-19-881050-4
The painting that is thought to be his earliest known work is a small picture called ''The Vision of a Knight''. In this painting a knight lies asleep. In his dream there are two beautiful women. One woman, dressed in soft flowing clothes, offers him flowers. The other woman, dressed in dark clothing, offers the knight a sword and a book. The path behind the pretty woman runs beside a river. The other path leads up a steep mountain. Raphael was thinking about choices. Should the knight take the easy road, or should he try to change things?
* Gould, Cecil, ''The Sixteenth Century Italian Schools'', National Gallery Catalogues, London 1975, ISBN 0-947645-22-5
* Roger Jones and Nicholas Penny, ''Raphael'', Yale, 1983, ISBN 0-300-03061-4
* Landau, David in:David Landau & Peter Parshall, ''The Renaissance Print'', Yale, 1996, ISBN 0-300-06883-2
* Pon, Lisa, ''Raphael, Dürer, and Marcantonio Raimondi, Copying and the Italian Renaissance Print'', 2004, Yale UP, ISBN 978-0-300-09680-4
* Shearman, John; ''Raphael in Early Modern Sources 1483-1602'', 2003, Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-09918-5
* Vasari, ''Life of Raphael'' from the ''Lives of the Artists'', edition used: ''Artists of the Renaissance'' selected & ed Malcolm Bull, Penguin 1965 (page nos from BCA edn, 1979)
* Wölfflin, Heinrich; ''Classic Art; An Introduction to the Renaissance'', 1952 in English (1968 edition), Phaidon, New York.
 
== Сигэлэр ==
Other early pictures by Raphael are ''Three Graces'', and ''Saint Michael''.
{{Commons|Raffaello Sanzio}}
* [http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/paintings/raphael/cartoons/index.html V&A London online feature on the Raphael Cartoons]
* [http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/eGallery/searchResults.asp?searchText=&title=&makerName=Raphael&category=&collector=&theme=&startYear=&endYear=&rccode= Ten drawings and three paintings from the Royal Collection]
* [http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/r/raphael/ Web Gallery of Art]
* [http://search.famsf.org:8080/search.shtml?keywords=raphael&artist=raimondi&country=&period=&sort=&submit.x=20&submit.y=7 Most of the Raphael/Raimondi prints from the San Francisco Museums]
 
[[Категория:Уруһуйдьуттар]]
Raphael's first major work was ''[[The Marriage of the Virgin]]'' which was painted in [[1504]]. It was influenced by Perugino's painting for the [[Sistine Chapel]] of ''Jesus giving the Keys to Saint Peter''. It is now in the Brera [[Art gallery|Gallery]] in [[Milan]], [[Italy]].
[[Категория:Архитектордар]]
 
== Florence ==
[[File:Raffael 025.jpg|thumb|''Madonna of the Grand Duke''.]]
In about 1504 Raphael went with another painter, [[Pinturicchio]], to [[Florence]], [[Italy]]. Florence was famous for its artworks, its artist's workshops, its new [[Renaissance]] buildings and its huge cathedral. Raphael wanted to see the work of [[Michelangelo]], [[Leonardo da Vinci]] and other important painters and sculptors.
 
=== ''The Madonnas'' ===
Florence had a very strong tradition of making images of the [[Madonna and Child]] because the city was dedicated to the Blessed [[Virgin Mary]]. On almost every street corner there was a painting or a brightly-coloured statue of the [[Madonna and Child]].<ref>Many of them were made in fired clay, ''terracotta'', by the family of [[Luca della Robbia]] (1399-1482).</ref>
 
While he was in Florence, Raphael painted many of his famous ''Madonna'' paintings. The most famous of these paintings are:
* ''The [[Madonna of the Goldfinch]]'' (c. [[1505]]), which is now in the [[Uffizi|Uffizi Gallery]] in [[Florence]], [[Italy]].
* the ''Madonna del Prato'' (c. [[1505]]), which is in the [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]], in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]].
* the ''Esterházy Madonna'' (c. [[1505]] – [[1507|07]], which is in [[Museum of Fine Arts]], [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]].
* ''La Belle Jardinière'' (The Madonna of the Beautiful Garden) (c. [[1507]]), which is in the [[Louvre Museum]], in [[Paris]], [[France]].
 
[[File:09julius.jpg|thumb|left|Raphael's portrait of Pope Julius II]]
 
== Rome ==
In [[1508]] Raphael was called to [[Rome]] by [[Pope Julius II]]. He became so popular whilst he was in Rome that he was known as the "Prince of Painters". He spent the last 12 years of his life in Rome and created many of his most famous paintings.
 
While he was in Rome he was ''commissioned'' (given a job), to paint a [[fresco]] of the [[Prophet Isaiah]] in the Church of Sant'Agostino. While he was working on the painting, he went to visit his friend, the [[architect]], [[Donato Bramante]]. Bramante was at the Vatican while Michelangelo was painting the [[Sistine Chapel]] ceiling. Of course Raphael wanted to see what the famous master was doing. While Michelangelo was away, Bramante took Raphael into the Chapel. When Raphael saw the way that Michelangelo had painted the [[prophet]]s, he was so excited that he went back to Sant'Agostino's Church, scraped his painting off the wall and started all over again. It is easy to see that Raphael's painting is in the style of Michelangelo. Raphael was not ashamed of this. He did it to give honour to the great master.<ref>Vasari</ref>
 
=== ''The Stanze'' ===
[[File:Raffael5.jpg|thumb|Detail from ''The School of Athens''.]]
Among Raphael's most famous paintings are the frescos that are painted on the walls of Julius II's own rooms in the [[Vatican]] Palace, known as the ''Stanze''. The paintings in the ''Stanza della Segnatura'' and the ''Stanza d'Eliodoro'' were created by Raphael himself, whilst the ''Stanza dell'Incendio'' was designed by Raphael and painted by his assistants.
 
One of the [[fresco]]es in the ''Stanza della Segnatura'' is of the greatest importance. This painting is called ''The School of Athens''. It shows a group of learned people from [[Ancient Greece]], [[philosopher]]s, [[poet]]s, [[drama]]tists, [[mathematics|mathematicians]] and others. They are listening to the central figure, who is the philosopher, [[Plato]]. The painting is meant to show that at that time, the early 1500s, there was a new birth of ideas and learning among the people of Rome that was equal to the learning of Ancient [[Athens]].
 
To make this message clear, Raphael used the faces of the people that he knew. Michelangelo, with his broken nose, is sitting with his chin on his hand. The tall figure of [[Plato]] with long hair and flowing beard is a portrait of [[Leonardo da Vinci]].
 
One of the excellent things about this painting is the way that Raphael has painted the building in which the figures are standing. The [[architecture]] looks as if it is opening up from the real room.
 
[[File:Raffael 096.jpg|thumb|left|Raphael's last painting, ''the [[Transfiguration]]''.]]
=== Architecture ===
In the 1500s, painters were often asked to design architecture. Raphael's first work as an architect was the funeral chapel in the church of [[Santa Maria del Popolo]]. [[Pope Leo X]] also chose Raphael to help design [[Saint Peter's Basilica]] alongside [[Donato Bramante]]. After Bramante died, Raphael took over the designing of the basilica and changed its [[groundplan]] from a [[Greek Cross]] to a [[Latin Cross]]. [[Michelangelo]] went back to Bramante's plan but made it simpler. Then another architect, Maderna, made the building longer, as Raphael had planned.
 
=== ''The Transfiguration'' ===
Raphael's last work of art was a painting of the ''Transfiguration''. This was an altarpiece, but Raphael died before he could complete it. It was instead finished by [[Giulio Romano]], who was one of Raphael's assistants.
 
=== Death ===
Raphael died on his 37th birthday and was buried in the [[Pantheon]] in [[Rome]]. His funeral mass was celebrated at the [[Vatican]] and his ''Transfiguration'' altarpiece was put at the head of Raphael's [[bier|funeral carriage]].
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== Other pages ==
* [[Michelangelo]]
* [[Leonardo da Vinci]]
* [[St. Peter's Basilica]]
* [[Italian Renaissance art]]
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
{{commons|Raphael}}
 
[[Category:1483 births]]
[[Category:1529 deaths]]
[[Category:Italian painters]]
[[Category:Italian architects]]
 
{{Link FA|ca}}